Census vs. Survey

  • A parameter is a numerical description of a population characteristic

  • A statistic is a numerical description of a sample characteristic

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Census Population Parameter
Survey Sample Statistic

Characteristics of a Well-Designed and Well-Conducted Survey

  • Representative sample

    • Must represent the population that you want to draw inference about

  • Random sample

  • Does not introduce bias

Bias

  • What is it?

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  • How might it occur?

    • Wording of the question

    • Sample technique

      • Under-coverage: miss a certain group of people

      • Non-response: someone in your sample choose not to respond

Random Sampling

  • Simple Random Sample (SRS)

    • Random digit table

    • Calculator

      • MATH ➡️ PRB ➡️ randInt(lower, upper, number of numbers)

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  • Stratified Random Sampling

Random Population Stratified Population Stratified Random Sampling

  • Cluster Sample

    UZUU 10 11 12 11 12 Sample (2 clusters) Cluster Population

  • Systematic Random Sample

06 Sample Population Systematic Random Sampling

  • Comparison

    Simple Raltt%m Sampling Random Cluster Sampling "bwowo Two-Stage Clustet Sam pling Systematic Sampling with Random Start

  • Example

    1. If you wanted to select a sample of school children and you did this by selecting an SRS of classrooms this would be an example of what type of sampling?

      • Cluster

    2. If you wanted to select a sample of school children and you did this by randomly selecting 5 children from each grade this would be an example of what type of sampling?

      • Stratified

Non-Random Sampling

  • Convenience Sample

    • Selecting those that are easy of convenient

  • Voluntary Response Sample

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